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Early Stages of the Evolution of Chernozems under Forest Vegetation (Belgorod Oblast)

• GENESIS AND GEOGRAPHY OF SOILS
• Published: 22 April 2022
• Volume 55 , pages 387–403, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

• Yu. G. Chendev 1 ,
• A. N. Gennadiev 2 ,
• M. A. Smirnova 2 , 3 ,
• M. P. Lebedeva 3 ,
• O. O. Plotnikova 3 ,
• E. A. Zazdravnykh 4 &
• A. S. Shapovalov 5  

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We studied automorphic forest-steppe Luvic and Haplic Chernozems (Siltic/Clayic, Pachic) of the southern part of the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod region), which were covered with broadleaved forest vegetation at different times (from 25 to 75 years ago). The studies were carried out on an overgrowing fallow and the adjacent maple–ash shelterbelt and on an area of growth of a natural oak forest towards the virgin meadow steppe. The line of effervescence in the soil profiles descended by 12–25 cm during 60–75 years of the growth of forest vegetation on Chernozems. The average rate of carbonate carbon leaching from a 2-m soil layer reached 5 t/ha per decade. The humus horizon thickness increased by 7–13 cm. A decrease in the organic carbon storage was observed in the soil profiles during the first 25–30 years of the development of Chernozems under forest vegetation; in the following decades, the organic carbon storage increased. The soil organic matter in the upper part of the profiles (0–40 cm) was directionally enriched with fulvic acids, while the opposite tendency of an increase in the content of humic acids was observed in the middle part of the profiles (40–80 cm). The clay mobility increased in the Chernozems under forest vegetation, which is proved by an increase in the content of silty infillings in the studied chronosequence of Chernozems under tree stands of different ages (from 25 to 60–75 years) and by the appearance of clay–humus cutans in the soils under forest vegetation. The direction and staging of changes characterize the evolutionary transformation of Chernozems over time under the impact of forest vegetation. Soil changes were caused by changes in vegetation from herbaceous (meadow-steppe) to forest and the resulting changes in the hydrothermal regimes of soil formation. The staging of soil changes could be determined by the vegetation succession changes coupled with corresponding changes in the soil regimes in microclimatic conditions.

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Change of forest–steppe chernozems under the influence of shelterbelts in the south of the central russian upland, changes in soil properties on fallows in kursk oblast and trends of postagrogenic soil development in forest-steppe and steppe zones, changes in the plant cover and biological properties of chernozems in the postagrogenic period, explore related subjects.

• Environmental Chemistry

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This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-17-00056.

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Belgorod State University, 308015, Belgorod, Russia

Yu. G. Chendev

Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

A. N. Gennadiev & M. A. Smirnova

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia

M. A. Smirnova, M. P. Lebedeva & O. O. Plotnikova

Center of Agrochemical Service “Belgorodsky”, 308027, Belgorod, Russia

E. A. Zazdravnykh

State Reserve “Belogorye”, 309342, Borisovka, Russia

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Chendev, Y.G., Gennadiev, A.N., Smirnova, M.A. et al. Early Stages of the Evolution of Chernozems under Forest Vegetation (Belgorod Oblast). Eurasian Soil Sc. 55 , 387–403 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322040068

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Received : 18 October 2021

Revised : 03 December 2021

Accepted : 04 December 2021

Published : 22 April 2022

Issue Date : April 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322040068

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• soil carbon
• shelterbelt
• soil micromorphology
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• Haplic Chernozems (Siltic/Clayic
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Belgorod Oblast, Russia

The capital city of Belgorod oblast: Belgorod .

Belgorod Oblast - Overview

Belgorod Oblast ( Belgorodskaya ) is a federal subject of Russia, part of the Central Federal District. It is located in the south-west of the country on the border with Ukraine, about 500-700 km south of Moscow. Belgorod is the capital city of the region.

The population of Belgorod Oblast is about 1,532,000 (2022), the area - 27,134 sq. km.

Belgorod oblast flag

Belgorod oblast coat of arms.

Belgorod oblast map, Russia

Belgorod oblast latest news and posts from our blog:.

27 March, 2010 / Riding the streets of Belgorod .

History of Belgorod Oblast

From the 8th century, the territory of the present Belgorod region was part of the Khazar khanate. In 965, after the Kievan Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich attacked the khanate, the Slavic tribe union of northern people residing also in the upper Seversky Donets River became part of the ancient Russian state.

From the 12th century, this land was part of the principality of Chernigov. The invasion of the Mongols led to the complete devastation of the region. In the 15th century, Grand Duchy of Lithuania captured the Chernigov-Severskaya region including land along the Donets and Oskol rivers.

In 1500, Vasily Ivanovich Shemyachich, the owner of the land, went into the service of Ivan III Vasilyevich, Grand Prince of Moscow. Since that time, the Donets-Oskol forest-steppe (the territory of the present Belgorod region) played an important role in protecting Russia against the raids of the Crimean Tatars.

More Historical Facts…

At the end of the 16th century, the first three walled towns were built in the region: Belgorod, Stary Oskol and Valuyki. In 1650, Belgorod was moved to the right bank of the Severny Donets, where the center of the city is located today. In 1727, Belgorod guberniya (province) was formed.

With the weakening of the Crimean Khanate, the region transformed into an agrarian province of the Russian Empire. In 1869, the Kursk-Kharkov-Azov railroad passed through the territory of the region.

During the First World War, after the signing of the Peace of Brest (a separate peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers), from April 1918 to January 1919, most of the region was occupied by the Kaiser troops and became part of the Ukrainian State of Hetman P. Skoropadsky (part of the Kharkov province).

In 1919, during the Civil War in Russia, the Red Army fought against the troops of the armed forces of the Russian south in the southern part of the region. In 1928, the territory of the present Belgorod region became part of a newly formed Central-Chernozyomnaya oblast.

In 1934, it was divided into separate Voronezh and Kursk regions. In the 1930s-1940s, the development of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (a huge iron ore deposit) started.

In 1941-1943, during the Second World War, the region was under German occupation. It was liberated as a result of the famous Battle of Kursk. During the battle, the village of Prokhorovka became the site of the largest tank battle in history.

January 6, 1954, a separate Belgorod Oblast was formed. 23 districts of the Kursk region and 8 districts of the Voronezh region became parts of it.

Nature of Belgorod Oblast

Belgorod Oblast landscape

Author: Loskutov Pavel

Belgorod Oblast scenery

Author: A.Korzeev

Sunset in the Belgorod region

Author: Stanislav Sedov

Belgorod Oblast - Features

The length of Belgorod Oblast from north to south - about 190 km, from west to east - 270 km. The total length of the border with Ukraine is 540 km. The climate is temperate continental. Winters are mild with snowfalls and thaws, summers are long and hot.

Belgorod Oblast is a highly developed industrial and agricultural region, which economy is based on the vast reserves of natural resources (about 40% of all known Russian deposits of iron ore, bauxites, apatites, mineral waters) and fertile black soil.

The total area of agricultural lands is about 2,700 thousand hectares. Belgorod oblast is one of the leaders in pork and poultry production, grain yields in Russia. In 2010, Russia’s first solar power plant was opened here. The region traditionally has strong economic ties with neighboring Ukraine.

The largest cities and towns are Belgorod (391,800), Stary Oskol (222,600), Gubkin (85,600), Shebekino (39,700), Alekseevka (37,000), Valuyki (34,200). Belgorod Oblast is an important transport hub - the federal highway M2 “Crimea” and the railway “Moscow-Kharkov-Sevastopol” pass through the territory of the region.

Attractions of Belgorod Oblast

• The belfry on Prokhorovka Field,
• Pansky oak - a 550-year-old oak tree in Shebekinsky district,
• Belogorie Nature Reserve,
• Kholkovsky underground monastery in Chernyansky district,
• The village of Vatutino (the birthplace of Soviet military commander N.F. Vatutin),
• The village of Khvorostyanka (the family estate of N.N. Raevsky, Russian military commander and hero of the Patriotic War of 1812),
• Krapivinskoye settlement - a monument of archeology, the remains of one of the largest towns of Kievan Rus,
• Dmitrievsky settlement - a settlement of Alans of the 8th-9th centuries,
• Shopping arcade in the town of Biryuch,
• Belgorod Museum of Folk Culture in Belgorod,
• Shebekinsky History and Art Museum with a collection of paintings made by famous artists of the 19th-20th centuries,
• Barkov’s mill - a six-storey wooden mill in the village of Novoivanovka in Volokonovsky district,
• Transfiguration Cathedral in the town of Gubkin.

Belgorod oblast of Russia photos

Belgorod oblast views.

Monument to Prince Svyatoslav victory over Khazar Khanate in Belgorod Oblast

Author: Carlos Alberto

Tank T-55 - the monument to the liberators of Valuyki in Belgorod Oblast

Author: Lantsov Dmitriy

Rural road in the Belgorod region

Author: Dokukina Kseniya

Pictures of Belgorod Oblast

Railway bridge in Belgorod Oblast

Church in Belgorod Oblast

Author: O.Frolov

Memorial Church in the name of Peter and Paul in Prokhorovka, Belgorod Oblast

Author: Oleg Goncharenko

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